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The ILS is a comprehensive tool for assessing activities of daily living, behavior and initiation skills following traumatic brain injury.
$10.00
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Fall Issue 2009
Now Available!

Concussion Tissue Damage
TBI Treatment Wrong?
Case Study
TBI Haunts Children
Challenging Symptoms
Drug Treats TBI
2009-10 Conferences
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Brain Anatomy and Function

CEU Course

Brain Anatomy and Function

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Brain Stem

The brain stem plays a vital role in basic attention, arousal, and consciousness. All information to and from our body passes through the brain stem on the way to or from the brain. Like the frontal and temporal lobes, the brain stem is located in an area near bony protrusions making it vulnerable to damage during trauma.

Functions:

  • Breathing
  • Heart Rate
  • Swallowing
  • Reflexes to seeing and hearing (Startle Response).
  • Controls sweating, blood pressure, digestion, temperature (Autonomic Nervous System).
  • Affects level of alertness.
  • Ability to sleep.
  • Sense of balance (Vestibular Function).

Observed Problems:

  • Decreased vital capacity in breathing, important for speech.
  • Swallowing food and water (Dysphagia).
  • Difficulty with organization/perception of the environment.
  • Problems with balance and movement.
  • Dizziness and nausea (Vertigo).
  • Sleeping difficulties (Insomnia, sleep apnea).

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