Researchers Identify New Cord Blood Stem Cell

Discovery suggests potential treatment for regenerating nerve tissue after brain injury

Researchers at the University of Minnesota Medical School have discovered a new population of cells in human umbilical cord blood that have properties of primitive stem cells.

Umbilical cord blood is generally known to contain hematopoietic stem cells that can only produce cells found in blood. The new findings, however, identify a small population of cord blood cells with the characteristics of more primitive stem cells that have the potential to produce a greater variety of cell types.

"We are excited by this discovery because it provides additional insight into how stem cells can restore function in the brain after injury," said Walter Low, Ph.D., senior investigator of the study, and professor of Neurosurgery and the Stem Cell Institute at the University of Minnesota.

This research was published in the latest issue of the journal Stem Cells and Development.

Transplantation of these human cord blood stem cells into laboratory rodents with experimental strokes resulted in significant reductions in the size of brain lesion, and improved these animals' use of their limbs.

Some of the transplanted stem cells developed into "neuron-like" cells that are typically found in the brain. In addition, the transplanted cells also induced an unanticipated reorganization of host nerve fibers within the brain, which may explain why the rats regained function, Low said.