brain injury graphic
We will gladly answer all of your questions about rehabilitation at Centre for Neuro Skills.
brain injury graphic
brain injury graphic
brain injury graphic
Animations
Graphics
E-books
Educational CD's
Newsletters
Laminated Cards
Assessment Tool
Article Reprints
brain injury graphic
brain injury product box
brain injury product of the week
An educational laminated card with information on the leading causes, cost and incidence rates of TBI, and its potential cognitive, physical and emotional consequences.
$10.00 [packet of 10]
brain injury product purchase button
brain injury graphic
Fall Issue 2009
Now Available!

Concussion Tissue Damage
TBI Treatment Wrong?
Case Study
TBI Haunts Children
Challenging Symptoms
Drug Treats TBI
2009-10 Conferences
brain injury graphic
brain injury graphic
Brain Injury and Bicycle Helmets

Bicycle Helmets and Head Injury


Injury-Control Recommendations: Bicycle Helmets
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

References

1. Thompson RS, Rivara FP, Thompson DC. A case-control study of the effectiveness of bicycle safety helmets. N Engl J Med 1989;320:1361-7.
2. Kraus JF, Fife D, Conroy C. Incidence, severity, and outcomes of brain injuries involving bicycles. Am J Public Health 1987;77:76-8.
3. Waller JA. Bicycle ownership, use and injury patterns among elementary school children. Pediatrics 1971;47:1042-50.
4. Sacks JJ, Holmgreen P, Smith SM, Sosin DM. Bicycle-associated head injuries and deaths in the United States from 1984 through 1988: how many are preventable? JAMA 1991; 266:3016-8.
5. Friede AM, Azzara CV, Gallagher SS, Guyer B. The epidemiology of injuries to bicycle riders. Pediatr Clin North Am 1985;32:141-51.
6. Selbst SM, Alexander D, Ruddy R. Bicycle-related injuries. Am J Dis Child 1987;141:140-4.
7. Rodgers GB. Bicycle and bicycle helmet use patterns in the United States: a description and analysis of national survey data. Washington, DC: US Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1993.
8. Guichon MP, Myles ST. Bicycle injuries: one-year sample in Calgary. J Trauma 1975;15:504-6.
9. Kraus JF. Epidemiologic features of injuries to the central nervous system. In: Anderson DW. Neuroepidemiology: a tribute to Bruce Schoenberg. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1991:333-53.
10. Lundar T, Nestvold K. Pediatric head injuries caused by traffic accidents: a prospective study with 5-year follow-up. Child's Nervous System 1985;1:24-8.
11. Belongia E, Weiss H, Bowman M, Rattanassiri P. Severity and types of head trauma among adult bicycle riders. Wis Med J 1988;87:11-4.
12. Weiss BD. Bicycle helmet use by children. Pediatrics 1986;77:677-9.
13. Dorsch MM, Woodward AJ, Somers RL. Do bicycle safety helmets reduce severity of head injury in real crashes? Accid Annal Prev 1987;19:183-90.
14. Wasserman RC, Waller JA, Monty MJ, et al. Bicyclists, helmets and head injuries: a rider-based study of helmet use and effectiveness. Am J Public Health 1988;78:1220-1.
15. Wasserman RC, Buccini RV. Helmet protection from head injuries among recreational bicyclists. Am J Sports Med 1990;18:96-7.
16. CDC. Bicycle-related injuries: data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. MMWR 1987;36:269-71.
17. Weiss BD. Childhood bicycle injuries: what can we do? Am J Dis Child 1987;141:135-6.
18. Hodgson VR. Impact, skid and retention tests on a representative group of bicycle helmets to determine their head-neck protective characteristics. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University, Department of Neurosurgery, 1990.
19. Hodgson VR. Skid tests on a select group of bicycle helmets to determine their head-neck protective characteristics. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University, Department of Neurosurgery, 1991. 20. Bike helmets: unused lifesavers. Consumer Reports 1990;55:348-53.
21. Bishop PJ, Briard BD. Impact performance of bicycle helmets. Can J Sport Sci 1984;9:94-101.
22. Kukula K. Head protection is becoming easier to live with. Bicycling 1986(May);28-35.
23. American Society for Testing and Materials Committee on Standards. Standard specification for protective headgear used in bicycling (F1447-93). Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1993.
24. American National Standards Institute. American national standard for protective headgear -- for bicyclists (ANSI Z90.4-1984). New York: American National Standards Institute, Inc., 1984.
25. Snell Memorial Foundation. 1990 Standard for protective headgear for use in bicycling. St. James, NY: Snell Memorial Foundation, Inc., 1990.
26. Williams M. The protective performance of bicyclists' helmets in accidents. Accid Anal Prev 1991;23:119-31.
27. Cass DT, Gray AJ. Paediatric bicycle injuries. Aust N Z J Surg 1989; 59:719-24.
28. American Society for Testing and Materials Committee on Standards. Standard test methods for equipment and procedures used in evaluating the performance characteristics of protective headgear (F1446-93). Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1993.
29. Snell Memorial Foundation. 1994 Supplementary standard for protective headgear for use with bicycles. St. James, NY: Snell Memorial Foundation, Inc., 1994.
30. Snell Memorial Foundation. 1994 Standard for protective headgear for use in non-motorized sports (Snell N-94). St. James, NY: Snell Memorial Foundation, Inc., 1994.
31. Graitcer PL. Standards and certification. Headlines: the Newsletter of the WHO Helmet Initiative 1993;2(3):1-2.
32. Public Health Service. Healthy people 2000: national health promotion and disease prevention objectives. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services 1990;DHHS publication no. (PHS)91-50213.
33. DiGuiseppi CG, Rivara FP, Koepsell TD, Polissar L. Bicycle helmet use by children: evaluation of community-wide helmet campaign. JAMA 1989;262:2256-61.
34. Howland J, Sargent J, Weitzman M, et al. Barriers to bicycle helmet use among children. Am J Dis Child 1989;143:741-4.
35. Vulcan AP, Cameron MH, Heiman L. Evaluation of mandatory bicycle helmet use in Victoria, Australia. 36th Annual Proceedings. Portland, OR: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, 1992.
36. Cote T, Sacks JJ, Lambert-Huber DA, et al. Bicycle helmet use among Maryland children: effect of legislation and education. Pediatrics 1992;89:1216-20.
37. Dannenberg AL, Gielen AC, Beilenson PL, Wilson MH, Joffe A. Bicycle helmet laws and educational campaigns: an evaluation of strategies to increase children's helmet use. Am J Public Health 1993;83:667-74.
38. Towner P, Marvel MK. A school-based intervention to increase the use of bicycle helmets. Fam Med 1992;24:156-8.
39. Parkin PC, Spence LJ, Hu X, et al. Evaluation of promotional strategy to increase bicycle helmet use by children. Pediatrics 1993;91:772-7.
40. Rodgers LW, Bergman AB, Rivara FP. Promoting bicycle helmets to children: a campaign that worked. J Musculoskeletal Med 1991;8:64-77.
41. Rivara FP, Thompson DC, Thompson RS, et al. The Seattle children's bicycle helmet campaign: changes in helmet use and head injury admissions. Pediatrics 1994;93:567-9.
42. Morris BAP, Trimble NE. Promotion of bicycle helmet use among schoolchildren: a randomized clinical trial. Can J Public Health 1991;82:92-4.

Back to >> Table of Contents