DRS Scoring Instructions

ITEM DEFINITIONS

Eye opening
0 - SPONTANEOUS; eyes open with sleep/wake rhythms indicating active arousal mechanisms; does not assume awareness.
1 - TO SPEECH AND/OR SENSORY STIMULATION: a response to any verbal approach, whether spoken or shouted, not necessarily the command to open the eyes. Also, response to touch, mild pressure.
2 - TO PAIN; tested by a painful stimulus.1
3 - NONE no eye opening even to painful stimulation.

Best communication ability
(It patient cannot use voice because of tracheostomy or is apbasic or dysarthric or has vocal cord paralysis or voice dysfunction then estimate patients best response and enter note under comments.)

0 - ORIENTED: implies awareness of self and the environment Patient able to tell you a) who he is; b) where he is: C) why he is there; d) year; e) season; f) month; g) day; h) time of day.
1 - CONFUSED: attention can be held and patient responds to questions but responses are delayed and/or indicate varying degrees of disorientation and confusion.
2 - INAPPROPRIATE: intelligible articulation but speech is used only in an exclamatory or random way (such as shouting and swearing); no sustained communication exchange is possible.
3 - INCOMPREHENSIBLE: moaning, groaning or sounds without recognizable words; no consistent communication signs.
4 - NONE; no sounds or communications signs from patient

Best motor response

0 - OBEYING; obeying command to move finger on best side. If no response or not suitable try another command such as move lips," "blink eyes," etc. Do not include grasp or other reflex responses.
1 - LOCALIZING: a painful stimulus1 at more than one site causes a limb to move (even slightly) in an attempt to remove it It is a deliberate motor act to move away from or remove the source of noxious stimulation. If there is doubt as to whether withdrawal or localization has occurred after 3 or 4 painful stimulations, rate as localization.
2 - WITHDRAWING: any generalized movement away from a noxious stimulus that is more than a simple reflex response.
3 - FLEXING: painful stimulation results in either flexion at the elbow, rapid withdrawal with abduction of the shoulder or a slow withdrawal with adduction of the shoulder. If there is confusion between flexing and withdrawing, then use pin prick on hands, then face.
4 - EXTENDING; painful stimulation results in extension of the limb.
5 - NONE; no response can be elicited. Usually associated with hypotonia. Exclude spinal transection as an explanation of lack of response: be satisfied that an adequate stimulus has been applied.

Cognitive ability for feeding, toileting and grooming
Rate each of the three functions separately. For each function answer the question, does the patient show awareness of how and when to perform each specified activity. Ignore motor disabilities that interfere with carrying out a function. (This is rated under Level of Functioning described below.) Rate best response for toileting based on bowel and bladder behavior. Grooming refers to bathing, washing, brushing of teeth, shaving, combing or brushing of hair and dressing.

0 - COMPLETE: continuously shows awareness that he knows how to feed, toilet or groom self and can convey unambiguous information that he knows when this activity should occur.
1 - PARTIAL; intermittently shows awareness that he knows how to feed, toilet or groom self and or can intermittently convey reasonably clear information that he knows when the activity should occur.
2 - MINIMAL; shows in a primitive way how to feed, toilet or groom sell and or shows infrequently by certain signs, sounds or activities that he is vaguely aware when the activity should occur.
3 - NONE: shows virtually no awareness at any time that he knows how to feed, toilet or groom self and cannot convey information by signs, sounds, or activity that he knows when the activity should occur.

Level of functioning

0 - COMPLETELY INDEPENDENT: able to live as he wishes, requiring no restriction due to physical, mental, emotional or social problems.
1 - INDEPENDENT IN SPECIAL ENVIRONMENT: capable of functioning independently when needed requirements are met (mechanical aids).
2 - MILDLY DEPENDENT: able to care for most of own needs but requires limited assistance due to physical, cognitive and/or emotional problems (e.g., needs non-resident helper).
3 - MODERATELY DEPENDENT: able to care for self partially but needs another person at all times.
4 - MARKEDLY DEPENDENT: needs help with all major activities and the assistance of another person at all times.
5 - TOTALLY DEPENDENT: not able to assist in own care and requires 24-hour nursing care.

Employability
The psychosocial adaptability or employability item takes into account overall cognitive and physical ability to be an employee, homemaker or student This determination should take into account considerations such as the following:

able to understand, remember and follow instructions;
can plan and carry out tasks at least at the level of an office clerk or ri simple routine, repetitive industrial situations or can do school assignments;
ability to remain oriented, relevant and appropriate in work and other psychosocial situations:
ability to get to and from work or shopping centers using private or public transportation effectively:
ability to deal with number concepts;
ability to make purchases and handle simple money exchange problems;
ability to keep track of time schedules and appointments.

0 - NOT RESTRICTED: can compete in the open market for a relatively wide range of jobs commensurate with existing skills; or can initiate, plan, execute and assume responsibilities associated with homemaking; or can understand and carry out most age relevant school assignments.
1 - SELECTED JOBS, COMPETITIVE: can compete in a limited job market for a relatively narrow range of jobs because of limitations of the type described above and/or because of some physical limitations: or can initiate, plan, execute and assume many but not all responsibilities associated with homemaking; or can understand and carry out many but not al school assignments.
2 - SHELTERED WORKSHOP, NON-COMPETITIVE: canrot compete successfully in job market because of limitations described above and/or because of moderate or severe physical limitations; or cannot without major assistance initiate, plan, execute and assume responsibilities for homemaking; or canncot understand and carry out even relatively simple school assignments without assistance.
3 - NOT EMPLOYABLE: completely unemployable because of extreme psychosocial limitations of the type described above; or completely unable to initiate, plan, execute and assume any responsibilities associated with homemaking; or cannot understand or carry out any school assignments.

Instructions
Place date of rating at top of column. Place aporooriate rating next to each of the eight items listed. Add eight ratings to obtain total DR score.

Standard painful Stimulus /5 the application of pressure across index fingernail of best side with wood of a pencil; for quadriplegics pinch nose tip and rate as 0, 1, 2 or 5.